M-Mode Echocardiography has good temporal resolution. Hence measurements of the left ventricle are often taken with M-Mode. End diastolic and end systolic volumes are estimated from these measurements. the stroke volume and ejection fraction are also calculated from these measurements. LVPWs: Left ventricular posterior wall, systolic; LVIDs: Left ventricular internal diameter, systolic; IVSs: Interventricular septum, systolic; LVPWd: Left ventricular posterior wall, diastolic; LVIDd: Left ventricular internal diameter, diastolic; IVSd: Interventricular septum, diastolic. From these measured values, other estimates are calculated. EDV: End diastolic volume; IVS / LVPW: ratio of thickness of IVS and LVPW in diastole. In assymtric septal hypertrophy due to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, this ratio is increased. It is reduced in septal thinning due to anterior wall myocardial infarction. IVS %: Percentage systolic thickening of the interventricular septum. Systolic thickening is reduced in scars of myocardial infarction as well as in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. FS: Fractional shortening. ESV: End systolic volume. EF: Ejection fraction – the most important and popular measure of left ventricular systolic function. It is the ratio of stroke volume to end diastolic volume, expressed as percentage. LVPW %: Systolic thickening of the left ventricular posterior wall – reduced in scarring due to myocardial infarction.